Child Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay - 1354 Words

To begin with, child abuse in general is horrible. No child should ever be treated this way. Today I would like to talk about how extreme child abuse forever marked Susan Wiley, best known as â€Å"Genie.† In addition to that I would like to talk about the different types of child abuse and how children are affected by this. Last but not least, I would also like to talk about how we can prevent and stop child abuse. I believe that children are the most innocent people in this world, and that they are the most that suffer. Child abuse seems to be ongoing problem in modern society. In today’s society abuse is known in many ways. There are many different types of abuse like for example economic abuse, sexual abuse, child abuse, verbal abuse, physical abuse, academic abuse, emotional abuse, and the list goes on and on. But what is abuse? Abuse means treatment with cruelty or violence, especially regularly or repeatedly. So if you apply â€Å"abuse† in all these subg roup the meaning changes to that specific subgroup. Today we are going to focus on child abuse. Child abuse is horrible but still happens day to day. The children who are victim of child abuse, can be physically abused by caregiver or anyone who is in charge of them. Some of the signs of physical abuse are burns and contusions. These are identified by the doctor; Contusions can be pinching, hitting, and slamming the child. Burns can be from cigarettes or an iron (Bogut,2015,p. 21). You may ask why a child has to go throughShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Child Abuse On Children935 Words   |  4 PagesChild abuse has been an issue in America since the beginning of time, but lately there has gradually been an increase in reported incidents of abuse. There are several types of child abuse that are present in today’s society. The different types of abuse include physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Of the different maltreatment types, four-fifths (78.3%) of unique victims were n eglected, 17.6 percent were physically abused, 9.2 percent were sexually abused, 8.1 percent were psychologically maltreatedRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals corrected. However, there are cases that have not been solved or not stopped by the law. Child abuse is common. Child abuse can be caused by a variety of reasons. Scientist have been studying and they have some ideas on what prompt people to harm children (Ian Hacking). They are trying to end child abuse, but there is so much they can do. Many children abuse incidents are not reported. Child abuse may have many causes as in way the abuser does it. One specific factor is the background of theRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children913 Words   |  4 Pagesseveral types of abuse, there’s physical, emotional, verbal and several others abuses. But the abuse I would like to focus on is child abuse. Domestic violence towards children is important because ther e is a way to prevent it from happening. Typical parents and caregivers do not intend to abuse their children. Abuse is mainly directed toward the behaviors that are given off towards one another. Author David Gil defines child abuse as an occurrence where a caretaker injures a child, not by accidentRead MoreChild Abuse Is An Effect On Children1657 Words   |  7 PagesIn 2010 according to the census bureau there were 74,100,000 U.S children between the ages of 0-17 being abused and 3.3 million referrals. This effected on average 1-10 U.S families and children, there were more than 32,200,000 U.S families with children under the age of 18 according to the 2010 census bureau. From the 3.3 million hotline calls in 2010 there were less than 475,000 sustained cases (2010 NCANDS: 436,321 sustained +24,976 indicated = 461,297 total) resulting in about 15% of hotlineRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1317 Words   |  6 PagesChild abuse has long been an ongoing social probl em; this abuse has been one of the repeatedly difficult accusations to prove in our criminal justice system. Child abuse causes many years of suffering for victims. Children abused suffer from chemical imbalances, behavioral issues and are at high risk for becoming abusers or being abused in adult relationships. This cycle of learned behavior and suffering will be a hopeless reoccurring problem unless the criminal justice system and protocols for abusersRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1488 Words   |  6 Pages â€Æ' In addressing child abuse we are confronted with a series of problems. On the one hand, there is a lack of the true extent of the phenomenon because no data are available and that the issue, often refers to the most intimate spaces of family life. Furthermore, cultural and historical traditions affect the way each society faces this problem. Finally, there are varying opinions as to its definition and classification, as well as the consequences of child abuse may have and its subsequent therapeuticRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1263 Words   |  6 Pages Child Abuse Child abuse is any behavior which, by action or omission, produces physical or psychological damage to a person less than 18 years, affecting the development of his personality. In homes, it is believed that the most effective way to educate children is using the abuse. This form of punishment it used as an instrument of correction and moral training strategy as it is the first and most persistent justification of damage and maltreated mothers parents inflict on their children. SocietyRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1160 Words   |  5 PagesMost parents and other caregivers do not intend to hurt their children, but abuse is defined by the effect on the child, not the motivation of the parents or caregiver. Tens of thousands of children each year are traumatized by physical, sexual, and emotional abusers or by caregivers who neglect them, making child abuse as common as it is shocking. Most of us can’t imagine what would make an adult use violence against a child, and the worse the behavior is, the more unimaginable it seems. ButRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1227 Words   |  5 Pagesreports of child abuse are made involving more than 6 million children. The United States has one of the worst records of child abuse losing 4-7 children a day to the abuse. Abuse is when any behavior or action that is used to scare, harm, threaten, control or intimidate another person. Child abuse is a behavior outside the norms of conduct and entails substantial risk of causing physical or emotional harm. There are four main types of child abuse; physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, andRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effects On Children1132 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Child abuse takes many different forms. Including physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect of a children by parents, guardians, or others responsible for a child s welfare. Regardless of the type of abuse, the child’s devolvement is greatly impacted. The child’s risk for emotional, behavioral, academic, social, and physical problems in life increase. According to the Child Maltreatment Report by the Children’s Bureau (1999) the most common form of child abuse in the United States is

Political Poetry by Margaret Atwood Essay - 1035 Words

Backdrop addresses cowboy by Margaret Atwood Creating a masterful poetic movement through the American mythos, Atwood skewers manifest destiny by embodying the voice of the Other, the discarded I am. Writing political poetry that artfully confronts dominant ideology – thus exposing the motivation and effects of misrepresentation – is a difficult challenge. The process can easily be derailed by temptations to write strident, overly didactic verse that elevates sentiment above nuance and craft. While passion is certainly important, it is the poem itself that transforms political intent into a dynamic act of oppositional literature. To be effective as a statement, it must first be effective as a poem. In Backdrop addresses cowboy,†¦show more content†¦Regarded as a heroic figure by the myth of manifest destiny, he is conversely seen as a reckless tyrant by those who suffer the effects of his violence. The first stanza reveals a comic figure - Starspangled cowboy sauntering through his child-like fantasy while pulling a prop from the Hollywood simulacrum that supports his myth. Atwood complicates this image in the second stanza when she introduces violence to h er almost- /silly characterization of the mythical West. Using a line break to accentuate the transition, she plays the impact of a stand-alone line against the expanded meaning of its grammatical context. Isolated, line six (you are innocent as a bathtub) relates directly to the opening stanza’s child-like caricature, forming an aphoristic trope that is both interesting and oddly mundane. Accentuated by the break, the line’s reading adds dramatic nuance when its sentence unfolds into a broader meaning: you are innocent as a bathtub / filled with bullets. Contrasting the ironic character of opposed readings (innocent and not-at-all-innocent) within the space of shared words, Atwood foreshadows an overall conceptual structure in which backdrop refers both to the simulacrum of Hollywood sets and to the genuine environment of a beleaguered world. Despite its obvious quantitative reference, bathtub / filled with bullets also infers a Hollywood clichà © – the bullet -riddledShow MoreRelatedThe Life and Achievements of Margaret Eleanor Atwood Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesMargaret Eleanor Atwood, one of the most acclaimed and idolized writers’ to date. Atwood was born in Ottawa, Ontario, on November 18th, 1939 in the Ottawa General Hospital. Two and a half months after the beginning of the Second World War (Atwood). She is a renowned novelist and poet; furthermore writer of short stories, critical studies, screenplays, radio scripts and books for children (Gale). Margaret Atwood is a living inspiration to many writers today. Atwood is a fiction, and non-fiction writerRead MoreMargaret Atwood : A Social Activist1225 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Atwood: a Social Activist Through Feminist Literature The 1980s signified the continuation of an era of social and political upheaval in the United States of America. At the forefront was a socially conservative agenda that aimed to rescind women’s rights only ratified less than a decade before, a marked display of the nation’s desire to uphold traditional values that defined the preceding generation (Franà §oise). Among the devastating political climate, however, was Margaret Atwood:Read MoreEssay on Feminist Ideas in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1199 Words   |  5 PagesFeminist Ideas in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale For this essay, we focused strictly on critics reactions to Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale. For the most part, we found two separate opinions about The Handmaids Tale, concerning feminism. One opinion is that it is a feminist novel, and the opposing opinion that it is not. Feminism: A doctrine advocating social, political, and economic rights for women equal to those of men as recorded in Websters Dictionary. This topic is prevalentRead MoreFeminism And The Feminist Theory1942 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature and Composition 10 June 2015 Feminist Theory Research Paper Though feminism and the feminist theory are often construed as the same philosophy, the two are related, yet different concepts. Feminism is defined as, â€Å"the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes† (Merriam Webster Dictionary). In turn, a feminist is an individual who believes that men and women should be equal politically, economically, culturally, and socially (Definitions of Branches of Feminist)Read MoreFeminism In The Handmaids Tale1709 Words   |  7 Pagescreated by men, with the complicity of women† (â€Å"Margaret (Eleanor) Atwood†). The separation of the freedoms between the genders created female victimization through â€Å"sexual exploitation, isolation, and compelled ignorance that accompany severe economic and political powerlessness† (Merriman). In Margaret Atwood’s, The Handmaid’s Tale, taking place in the imaginary Republic of Gilead, Atwood displays the theme of women in a restrictive soci ety. Margaret Atwood, a Canadian author, was born on November 18Read MoreThe Power Of Myth Debuted On Pbs2126 Words   |  9 Pagesnext. He can be confused, villainous, heroic and kind at once. And it is in our ancient myths that many writers find the core of the human struggle to make sense of the world and to find one s role — in short, a roadmap to the human psyche. Margaret Atwood: Myths lay out pretty clearly what is on the human smorgasbord: what we want, what we fear, what we would like to have, what we would very much not like to have. Those human fears and human desires really have not changed, and they re reflectedRead MoreMargaret Atwood s An End Of Audience? Essay1924 Words   |  8 Pageswithout communication? Communities are made of people from all around the world, people with different backgrounds and upbringings, which leads to miscommunication throughout everyday life. The function of communication is a commonly debated topic, Margaret Atwood’s, â€Å"An End to Audience?† She focuses on the concept that writing is in danger of becoming extinct due to the miscommunication among cultures. Dean Barnlund’s, â€Å"Communication in a Global Village,† the main focus is on the cultural integrationRead MoreLiterary Art And Creative Writing1350 Words   |  6 Pagesstart to come? . Writers are similar to artist, as they are compelled to express themselves and helps make art out of everyday, ordinary moments. Writers produce various forms of literary art and creative writing such as novels, short stories, poetry, plays, screenplays, and essays as well as various  reports and news articles that may be of interest to the public. They create written works in a wide range of literary genres and can be classified as poets, novelists, journalists, critics,Read MorePoems: City Planners15330 Words   |  62 PagesThe Poems analysed are: The City Planners, Margaret Atwood and The Planners, Boey Kim Cheng. These are taken from the IGCSE Cambridge Poetry Anthology, but may be interesting for unseen poetry too. Question Set How do these poets use language and structure to get across their theme? I wrote this in about half an hour. Both poems are very similar, and have the same topic - City Planning - as shown in their titles. Structurally, they are different though, and the tone differs in places. IveRead Morei am not that woman by kishwar naheed2795 Words   |  12 Pagesbecause of the uncensored voicing of her fight against her society. Being a part of the partition of subcontinent, Naheed witnessed harassment against women and its effect is greatly reflected as we see women subjugation the main focus of Naheed’s poetry. Naheed’s poems â€Å"I Am Not That Woman† and â€Å"The Grass Is Really Like Me† voice the lack of dignity and respect felt by the females and how they come to terms with it. Feminism being Naheed’s forte is the main theme of the two poems. Naheed highlights

Economic Phenomenon Analysis with Examples for Demand and Supply Model

Question: Describe about the Demand and Supply Analysis for Economic Phenomenon ? Answer: Introduction Demand is an Economic Phenomenon that refers to the want of consumer and a price that the consumer is willing to pay for a particular services and goods. Keeping other factors constant, when the price of any good increases, demand for that good will decline (Colander, 2006). So, there is a negative relation between price and quantity demanded. The demand function can be written as: P= f (Qd), where Qd= Quantity demanded and P= Price. In Economics, Supply is a fundamental concept that refers to the entire goods and services which are available to customers at a specific price. Other things remain equal when the price of any particular good increases then suppliers will produce more goods to fulfill their objective of profit maximization. Thus, there is a positive relation between these two. The supply function can be written as: P= f (Qs), where Qs= Quantity supplied and P= Price (Slavin, 2008). Hence, one can get market equilibrium where demand and supply matches. In this point, market price, demand, and supply are stable; but sometimes it can be seen that product allocation is not efficient in the market, that is, the existence of imaginable result where a person can be better off but not making anybody worse off. In this situation, quantity demand and quantity supplied are not equal due to lack of possible factor which prevent the equilibrium (Zhang, 2015). In the next part, the researcher can describe all possible reasons of market failures and also determine the gold price by considering the analysis of demand, supply, and market failure. Also, he will try to find the negative externality that arises for the use of the personal car. Investigation of Market Failure by using Demand and Supply analysis Demand refers to the desire of buyers and a price that the buyers are willing to pay for a particular services and goods. Supply is an economic phenomenon that refers to the entire goods and services which are available to customers at a specific price. Considering these two, one can say that market equilibrium occurs where demand and supply coincide with each other (Frank, 2010). In figure 1, market equilibrium is shown. In the horizontal axis, quantity is shown and in the vertical axis price is shown. Figure: 1 In this figure, P* and Q* are the equilibrium price and quantity respectively. Causes of Market Failure Sometimes it can be seen that free market cannot allocate the scarce resources in an efficient manner. It occurs due to some reasons like negative externalities, monopoly power, etc. which are explained below. Allocative and productive inefficiency When the markets cannot allocate and produce possible scarce resources in an effective manner, then there may be a chance of market failure (Krugman, 2014). Missing markets When the markets fail to form, there is a chance of market failure; because it cannot meet the willingness for public goods (highways, lights on road etc.) Negative externalities This term refers to the cost that suffers the third party resulting from economic deals. In any economic deals, the first party and the second party are customers and producers and the third party may be any individual or any company who are affected by the externalities. In this case, producers, as well as consumers, fail to determine the effects on the third party for the actions taken by them. For example, pollution is created by the industries and it affects the individual or the society. Information failure The markets may not serve all possible information during market deals. So, another party may not have an interest in the transaction. This will lead to a market failure. Inequality Sometimes, the markets also fail to manage the huge gap among earners. This is known as Income-gap. In market deals, both producers and consumers are benefited with profits and incomes respectively. But the main problem is that benefits are concentrated among very few people which leads to market failure. Instability in markets The unstable market situations also lead to market failure. Sometimes it can be seen, stable market equilibrium cannot be established in volatile market structure (Share market, foreign exchange markets etc.). Monopoly Power Monopoly power is another reason of market failure. Monopolists have full control over price. They set the price according to the objective of profit maximization. This high prices may create market failure (Sunderasan, 2012). To determine the gold price, the researcher should determine the market failure. Determination of gold price By considering the trading, mining, recycling and selling the metals, it is highly important to understand the pricing of the metals. But this is not so easier to value the metals. In this part, according to the question, the researcher will determine the Gold. To determine the gold price, some questions should be answered, those are: what is called fixing, who sets the price of gold, what are future price and sports price, etc. What are Fixings? The fixing is done in a daily basis and it is an agreement among individuals on the similar sides in any market to sell or buy gold at a fixed price or managing the market states that is how the price is determined by the intersection of supply and demand. Throughout the process when orders are adjusted, there is ups and downs in the price level of gold. This process will continue until the orders are fulfilled and the price level is fixed. In March 2015, the London Gold Fix had discontinued and then replaced by LBMA price of gold. ICE Business Administration is known as IBA and had selected as administrator of LBMA price of gold (Shafiee and Topal, 2010). An electronic auction method is organized by IBA to evaluate the LBMA gold price. It is administered and traded in an independent manner. Sometimes the auction is physically and electronically settled and it is conducted in dollars with anonymous and aggregated offers as well as is being published in real time. The LBMA price of gold is set two times in a business day in US dollars. Figure: 2 Source: (MALI, 2014) Factors that help in determining the gold price Gold is used as a consumer good. By examining previous data, it can be suggested that UK has more interests in gold among all metals and it has indicated that the demand of gold in the UK has increased over the years. When an economic progress of the country is in boom then it increases the disposable income of people and demand for gold among people is rising day by day. Being a luxury material, the Golds income elasticity of demand is greater than 1 and it describes that a rise in income increases demands gold among people. A higher income will lead to higher demand of gold which increases the demand for gold at a higher rate (Parsons, 2010). Investment of gold is also considered in this section. For profitable investment purposes, Gold can be used as the very important metal. The retention rate of gold also remains high during inflation. So, suppliers, producers or individual use this metal in their investment purposes. Individuals store gold for bad times. From 2006, the gold price moved up as investment demand was keep rising. Another factor can be the value of the dollar which can determine the price of gold. In international trade, US dollar is used as supreme currency. There is a negative relationship between gold value and dollar value. In September 2014, the dollar index of US had increased by 2 units, and thus, buying of gold was considered as strong dollar because many options of purchasing were there (MALI, 2014). Many countries control the exchange rate in terms of dollars for its huge worldwide demand. Generally, individuals are confident enough and have higher tendency to buy USD assets. But the negative side of USD assets is that those are over exposed than gold. So, households preferred gold for investment. People were more confident about gold because paper currencies are more volatile in nature. Figure: 3 Another determinant is interest rate which affect the gold price. The positive side of gold is that this metal does not have to bear any interest rate, but it affects the global interest sometimes during fluctuations. The gold price will fall when the interest increases because investors will choose another option of investment by selling gold to gather reserves. When the rate of interest starts falling, there is a tendency that price of gold will increase and this will lead to increase the holding of gold than cash because gold holding will lead very low cost (Baur, 2014). The gold price may be affected for inflation too. By holding investment, this metal works to prevent the rate inflation. The paper currencies are volatile in nature and the value is decreasing over the years but the gold value is increasing day by day. In the long run, investment of Gold is considered as a stable investment option because Gold is associated with low risk compared to paper currencies. Even after 50 years, the paper currencies can retain its value but in reality, the situation is not the same. So, individual and households try to invest gold rather than the paper currency which affect the price of gold. In this context, it can be said that investors are motivated to invest more in gold during hyperinflation and less in paper currencies as gold serves hedge against inflation (Yaacob and Ahmad, 2014). It is known that Gold is often used as the substitute of the stock market. Although the purchasing of shares has many positive sides as shares give a higher return and help to increase the growth. But in an economic recession, the value of shares has decreased. Hence, risk-averse investors will prefer to buy gold instead of shares because invest in gold will give a positive return and this is safe for them. This speculative nature is also a helpful measure to determine the gold price. Variations in Gold supply affects the price of gold. According to the law of supply, the gold price can be determined that is a sharp rise in production of gold, the price is of gold will fall and vice versa. In this context, it can be said the supply of gold is stable in the economy. The countries who have effective supply generally have lower prices and vice versa. The variations in price will occur due to variations in gold demand and supply. Thus, it can be concluded that the law of supply and demand used as a major factor in determining the prices of gold worldwide. Negative Externalities due to the uses of personal cars Two kinds of externalities can be seen: negative externality and positive externality. This term refers to the cost that suffers the third party resulting from economic deals. In any economic deals, the first party and the second party are customers and producers and the third party may be any individual or any company who are affected by the externalities. It considers that when manufacturing firms are using some old technologies, then the third party may be negatively hampered. Rationally, these costs are not included in the economic cost. Thus, one should identify the costs properly (Acharya and Bisin, 2011). Figure: 4 The effects of negative externality are not only on the owner, but it also affects those who are generally not associated with the externality of goods producing. The results of these externalities are situations resulting in market failure. Negative Externalities are triggers of third party effects. Negative Externalities generally takes place out of market i.e. they affect people not involved directly with the production or consumption of goods or services. Spill-over costs are the other name by which they are known. When demand for cars increases, there is also an increasing supply of cars by different firms in the market. High demand of cars will produce large scale pollution which negatively affected the society as well as those people like street shopkeepers, individuals who are going to work etc. Air pollution that is made daily by the cars smokes which adversely affect the health of people (Baofu, 2012). There is a larger probability of a rise in urban flooding which is made from negative externality. Urban flooding in every year may arise due to the high desire for roads by personal cars. This reduces the soaking capacity of the areas where the cars are used most and thus, in rainy season frequent flooding in urban areas can be seen. Congestion is another negative externality arising from the personal use of the car.Congestion is not limited to road network but negative externality arises by congestion due to personal cars is also evident in busy transport networks as well as crowded areas.There is the classical excess in demand situation compared to supply for the personal cars by households where each household wants its own personal car. When there is an increase in income, there is a large demand for personal cars which is a luxury good, since people want to buy more cars as income increases. As space on the busiest platforms and on the crowded trains is limited and small the demand for cars also increases (Nagler, 2013). The congestion which is made by personal cars can increase the problems for commuters and this can cause increasing problems like people cannot reach their destination on proper time due to congestion on roads. Traffic congestion is another negative externality that is faced by other individuals on the road (Centemeri, 2009). In a free market structure, individuals are taken into account their own benefits and the consumption level will take place where MPB=MPC. Consumers net benefit is maximized under this condition. However, this is not the socially optimal level of road space should be attained at MSB=MSC. The main reason behind it that there are negative externalities which are linked with the higher utilization of roads. The overuse of limited space in a free market creates a complete deadweight loss for society. Cars create noise as well which is a direct effect. Noise pollution is another types of a negative externality that can arise from the high use of cars. It can be seen that a large number of cars and they honk in traffic in a daily basis and this traffic is disturbing for the individuals that the people work on the both sides of the road. In this context, it can be said that government can reduce the negative externalities in many ways like it can impose a tax on noise pollution or air pollution, can charge costs from car owners. This remedies can be discussed below. To reduce the negative externalities, the government can charge costs of creating congestion. This can be an effective measure because when individual cars made more traffic, they have to pay a large amount to the government. This is one of the best policy from demand side to reduce congestion on limited size roads. This policy was implemented by Singapore for the first time and they also took some effective measures on road pricing (Chen, 2010). Advanced methods of electronic toll collection can be helpful to reduce the uses of personal cars. These useful measures have also been implemented in Rome and London and it can be seen that there was a noticeable improvement in congestion among these countries. Another way of pricing on congestion can be the rationing of road space. Road size rationing an effective method that stringent rules for car drivers and it is the better option than congestion pricing (NAGLER, 2011). Conclusion In conclusion, the researcher can that demand and supply analysis is seen in determining the price of gold. There are various factors like investment in gold, stock and share prices, consumption of gold, interest rate, inflation etc. which play a crucial role to determine the gold price. Gold price is determined in terms of USD as in exchange rate market, countries are comfortable to take it. The researcher also comes to know about the term Externality. Here, market failure analysis can be used to discuss the negative externality (Centemeri, 2009). The negative externality can be seen in the higher use of personal cars as it creates smokes which lead to air pollution. It also leads to noise pollution because cars are honking in the traffic. But there are some solutions to overcome the negative externalities by imposing a tax, road size rationing etc. References Colander, D. (2006). Microeconomics. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill. Frank, R. (2010). Microeconomics and behavior. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Slavin, S. (2008). Microeconomics. Boston, Mass.: McGraw-Hill. Zhang, W. (2015). Reflections on economics: market failure or market theory failure?. China Economic Journal, 8(2), pp.109-121. Acharya, V. and Bisin, A. (2011). Counterparty risk externality. Cambridge, Mass.: National Bureau of Economic Research. Baofu, P. (2012). Future of post-human semantics. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Pub. Baur, D. (2014). Gold mining companies and the price of gold. Review of Financial Economics, 23(4), pp.174-181. Centemeri, L. (2009). Environmental Damage as Negative Externality: Uncertainty, Moral Complexity and the Limits of the Market. e-cadernos CES, (05). Chen, S. (2010). The Game Analysis of Negative Externality of Environmental Logistics and Government Regulation. AMR, 113-116, pp.263-266. Krugman, P. (2014). Microeconomics. [Place of publication not identified]: Worth Pub. MALI, P. (2014). FLUCTUATION OF GOLD PRICE IN INDIA VERSUS GLOBAL CONSUMER PRICE INDEX. Fractals, 22(01n02), p.1450004. Nagler, M. (2013). The Strategic Significance of Negative Externalities. Managerial and Decision Economics, 35(4), pp.247-257. NAGLER, M. (2011). NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES, COMPETITION AND CONSUMER CHOICE*. The Journal of Industrial Economics, 59(3), pp.396-421. Shafiee, S., and Topal, E. (2010). An overview of the global gold market and gold price forecasting. Resources Policy, 35(3), pp.178-189. Sunderasan, S. (2012). Externality. New York: Nova Publishers. Yaacob, S. and Ahmad, S. (2014). Return to Gold-Based Monetary System: Analysis Based on Gold Price and Inflation. Asian Social Science, 10(7). Parsons, J. E., (2010). Black gold and fool's gold: speculation in the oil futures market. Economia, 10(2), pp. 81-116.